George Orwells Use of Appositives in A Hanging

George Orwells Use of Appositives in A Hanging An appositive-a thing or thing phrase that recognizes or renames another thing is a helpful method of adding subtleties to a sentence. The term originates from the Latin word for putting close by, and an appositive generally shows up directly after the word or expression that it renames. Youve just observed one case of an appositive-in the principal sentence of this article. Here, from the opening of George Orwells exposition A Hanging, are two more: We were holding up outside the denounced cells, a column of sheds fronted with twofold bars, similar to little creature cages.He was a Hindu, a diminutive wisp of a man, with a shaven head and obscure fluid eyes. A couple of sections later, Orwell lines up a couple of appositives to recognize another character: Francis, [1] the head guard, [2] a fat Dravidian in a white drill suit and gold exhibitions, waved his dark hand. In every one of Orwells sentences, the appositive could be fill in for the thing it renames (cells, Hindu, Francis). Or on the other hand it could be erased without changing the fundamental importance of the sentence. Set off by commas, such appositives are supposed to be nonrestrictive. At times, an appositive may be thought of as a streamlined descriptive word condition (a word bunch starting with who or which). This next sentence, for instance, depends on a descriptor statement to recognize the subject, executioner: The executioner, who was a silver haired convict in the white uniform of the jail, was holding up close to the machine. Presently take a gander at George Orwells unique variant of the sentence, with the descriptive word statement diminished to an increasingly compact appositive: The executioner, a silver haired convict in the white uniform of the jail, was holding up close to the machine. Seen along these lines, appositives offer an approach to cut the messiness in our composition. Also, that, youll need to concede, makes it a convenient little gadget a minimized linguistic structure. NEXTFor an increasingly nitty gritty conversation of appositives, perceive How to Build Sentences with Appositives.

Intercultural Language Use

Intercultural Language Use Culture and language can be named as siblings since they go together. It is demonstrated that no language or culture that can remain without anyone else. The explanation for it is that where you will discover a culture, there will be a sure language. For example on the off chance that you go to America you will discover the way of life there goes along with the language.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Intercultural Language Use explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Like in when a youngster is conceived, certainly the kid will be presented to the environmental factors and this assumes an extraordinary job in empowering the person in question become a vital part of the social group. Both culture and language in a kid is displayed by the individuals around them. (Jandt, 2004, p.187) An assortment of disciplinary viewpoint for a long time demonstrated the connection among language and culture. Diverse rationalist like etymologists, anthropologists, soc iologists, analysts among other had various perspectives in understanding social issue controlling the feature of human conduct including insight, recognition, language and correspondence. It was during this time when An American etymologist and anthropologist, Edward Sapir acquainted the intensity of language with reverberation culture. (Jandt, 2004, p.188) In his theory he affirmed that the way wherein we reflect and investigation the world confirms our language. He included that the instances of social language incongruities have demonstrated that a few dialects have exact words for thought while different dialects use various words to represent an exact idea. It is in this article where Edward Sapir indicated that social contrasts have additionally been prestigious in the strategy in which language is utilized for all intents and purposes. In their way of life, inventive abilities are regularly prepared and educated through oral educational cost. It additionally said that in dif ferent societies, inventive skills are prepared through nonverbal viewing. He at last included that the dissimilarities in the cultural undertakings of grown-ups and youngsters are affected by the language utilized. (Soler Jordan, 2008, p.12) The association of language and culture pulled in light of a legitimate concern for both theorectians and experts. It was during this period when Robert Lado the main individual to look at the local culture and target culture and associated them to be a wellspring of culture and language. In the middle of 1970 and 1980, numerous regions on the planet particularly America, their scientists examined and discussed the verbal disparity perspectives. These perspectives tested anyone who never utilized Standard English and didn't have an official language and named that as verbally poor living.Advertising Looking for exposition on social investigations? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Even howe ver the oral view point has been affirmed unsatisfactory, it is obviously comprehended that the exploration done was to either continue or shame that viewpoint as it was said by Bernstein one of the savants. This otherworldly idea prompted the distinctions in the manner s language is utilized in various societies and the manner by which the language mirrors the way of life and it’s around the world. (Soler Jordan, 2008, p.15) It was during this time when Bereiter and Engelmann delved somewhere down in inquiring about the language and culture as the article explains. These individuals did a great deal in examining language dissimilarities among social gatherings including point of convergence and sub-par salary assortment and ancestral gatherings. The focal piece of the examination perceives exact dissimilarities in the manner youngsters from divergent financial and racial settings utilized language all through school. The proposal of this examination as indicated by the artic le shows that it was broadly contended and comprehended in unique manners. (Jandt, 2004, p.192) Like in 1971, Basil Bernstein thought of divergent etymological framework utilized by youngsters from second rate compared to focal salary families in England. This framework prompted various frameworks in level of living since the second rate pay families utilized â€Å"restricted code† while the focal salary families utilized â€Å"elaborated code† (Jandt, 2004, p.193) where as the distinctions were not abandoned even to places like in schools that prompted an absolute contrast in culture and language. It is additionally in this article, where it proofs that the language utilized by African American youngsters was not an official language. They in this way selected these kids required genuine mentor in English in the school setting as it was investigated by both Bereiter and Englemann. This was realized so as to stick in the way of life and language of the zone. (Soler Jor dan, 2008, p.18) There after another specialist came to shield the African America who perceived how dark individuals were seen sub-par and contended that they ought to be offered space to have their English. In his measurements it straight went up against the oral deficiency hypothesis since it perceived the definite and methodical semantic assets of Black English. In his exploration he contended that the Black English ought to be offered space to remain by their own relating language. By doing this, the distinctions wherein language and culture mirrored each other were seen around the world. (Jandt, 2004, p.195)Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Intercultural Language Use explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion Language and culture are two terms that go together and they have an extraordinary effect on the planet we live in. it has been demonstrated that language and culture begins from the earliest starting point of someone’s life. For example you will locate that a youngster will develop as indicated by the language and culture the person has found. In spite of the fact that blending of individuals is attempting to stop culture and language, each general public is attempting to place its language and culture in to presence. References List Jandt, F. (2004).Intercultural correspondence: a worldwide peruser. SAGE, pp.185-225. Soler, E., Jordan, M. (2008).Intercultural Language Use and Language Learning. Springer, pp. 11-29.

List of Essay Topics For Middle School

List of Essay Topics For Middle SchoolWhen you're looking for a list of essay topics for middle school, you might be a little overwhelmed with the sheer number of topics you could possibly need to cover. Many students feel as though they can just look around and choose any topic that is good enough, but this doesn't work in the long run.What's so great about middle school is that it's such a short period of time. So you should always look for the most suitable topics in terms of length. It will be much more beneficial to you, both for your grades and for your self-esteem.The best way to find a list of essay topics for middle school is to do some research on the topic. Research has shown that writing essays on subjects that have a lot of depth are usually more effective than writing one on a completely shallow subject. So you should look at your topic's depth when you're trying to decide what essay topics to cover.Another way to find a list of essay topics for middle school is to make a list of all the topics you want to cover in high school. Then write down all the topics that you think might interest you. Now you have a list of topics for middle school. Write down your top three topics and then start to determine which ones need more depth.When you're trying to find a list of essay topics for middle school, you don't want to choose topics that have too much overlap with each other. For example, if you're interested in learning how to play an instrument, you don't want to read an essay about how to get the correct note on the piano. It might seem like a great idea, but this type of topic may be a little too broad for your needs.There are many websites on the internet that can give you a list of essay topics for middle school. It's very likely that they're going to give you several different topics that you could choose from. But it's important to remember that this isn't always the best way to find a list of topics for middle school.If you're looking for a list of essay topics for middle school, then it's a good idea to turn to your teachers for help. They will be able to give you a better idea of what to write about.So, as you can see, a list of essay topics for middle school can sometimes be confusing. But when you do your research, you'll be able to select the best topics for your needs and your interests.

Sexual Violence And The Pregnancy - 2584 Words

Introduction For most women, pregnancy is a time of joy and happiness for the life she is about to bring into this world. Unfortunately, this is not the case for women who experience intimate partner violence during such a precious milestone in their life. Intimate partner violence during pregnancy refers to violent acts including physical, sexual, or psychological/emotional violence or threats of sexual violence committed by an intimate male partner such as a husband, boyfriend, or common law partner that are inflicted on a pregnant woman. Intimate partner violence can affect women during pregnancy and during the postnatal period with devastating effects on both the women and the unborn child. Domestic violence against women is more†¦show more content†¦This being said, the best prevalence estimates are most likely underestimates. Violence during pregnancy poses a threat to health and the death of the mother and her infant can be resulted. Pregnancy and the immediate period following birth is a time when partner support and being in a confiding trusting relationship is supposed to be particularly important for psychological health (Mezey, Bacchus, Bewley, White, 2005). Women may feel more physically vulnerable and emotionally dependent on their partners during the postnatal period and as a result implications of domestic violence may be more profound, as violence poses the safety of both mother and the baby (Mezey, Bacchus, Bewley, White, 2005). Direct and indirect mechanisms of violence may result adverse pregnancy symptoms or even during the postnatal period, including postpartum depression (Newberger et al 1992). Women that are victims of Domestic Violence are subject to a higher relative risk of postnatal depression or some other psychological morbidity during the postpartum period (Golding 1999; Coid e t al 2003). Furthermore, some studies support that the application of physical or sexual violence on pregnant women is an inclination factor for postpartum depression (Buist Janson 2001, Records Rice 2004). Physical violence duringShow MoreRelatedCase Analysis : V Hutchinson876 Words   |  4 Pageswith aggravated sexual assault in the lower court after the complainant had consented to have sexual intercourse but wanted Hutchinson to wear a condom. However, Hutchinson poked holes in the condom unknown to the complainant. This resulted in pregnancy. In the Supreme Court case, the file says, â€Å"Mr. Hutchinson was charged with aggravated sexual assault. The complainant said that she did not consent to unprotected sex. The trial judge agreed and convicted Mr. Hutchinson of sexual assault (2011 NSSCRead MoreEssay on Factors that Lead to Teen Pregnancy1363 Words   |  6 PagesFactors that Lead to Teen Pregnancy Although the overall rate of teen pregnancy has been declining, the rates have remained high for teens that are most vulnerable. The great majority of Americans believe that teen pregnancies are a serious national problem, indeed a problem that is the major component of what is thought to be national moral decline. However, what causes these teens to become pregnant at such a young age? A large body of research has identified a number of factoresRead MoreDomestic Violence And Sexual Violence859 Words   |  4 PagesDomestic violence occurs in all economic, ethnic, and social backgrounds of every society of the world. In Canada, 546, 000 men suffer from domestic violence; that equates to 6% of the male population (Family Violence). The number of women who are victimized through intimate violence total around 653, 000; that equates to 7% of the female population (Family Violence). The amount of abuse being directed towards men is essentially the same amount that is directed towards women. However, the familyRead MoreThe Ending Gang And Youth Violence Policy Initiative1020 Words   |  5 Pages1. The Ending Gang and Youth Violence policy initiative is aimed at analysing problems with gangs and find intervention to tackle crime connected to young people. It is focuses on preventing gang violence, finding pathways out, punishing offenders, working as partners with different forces and providing support to individuals who got in to gangs. 2. The policy initiative aimed at tackling gang violence needs not only the police to play their role, but also other public service workers, like teachersRead MoreEssay on Teen Pregnancy: More Education is Needed1174 Words   |  5 PagesTeenage pregnancy is a rising factor throughout the world that’s caused by many unfortunate actions. Teenagers feel the need to engage in sexual activities due to peer pressure, violence and statutory rape. In some cases teens end up birthing their babies and in other cases they abort them. To help teens understand the consequences and reality of teen pregnancy, abstinence education and sex education can be introduced to steer teens in a better direction and help them to decide the appropriateRead MoreViolence Has Long Been A Way Of Life871 Words   |  4 PagesViolence has long been a way of life in the United States. Violence is how the West was won, some would say. Some believe there can be no peace without violence. When intimate par tners are the ones being violent to an already concord and settled land the state of the nation suffers economic back lash from social planning prevention to the strain on the health care system and holds the victims to a lower standers with social stigma of helplessness. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is threatened orRead MoreTeen Pregnancy : A Social Issue1371 Words   |  6 PagesTeen pregnancy is a very controversial social issue and the vast majority of Americans consider the outrageous rate of teen pregnancies a severe issue, certainly a problematic occurrence that is believed to be a moral decline in our country. Teenagers are physiologically capable of reproducing but not emotionally or financially prepared to be parents at such a tender age. Through various research studies a plethora of determinants has pin pointed teens unprecedented pregnancies. One cause of thisRead MoreThe Negative Effects of Teenage Dating1512 Words   |  7 Pagesthe necessity of sustaining a relationship over a period of time. Therefore, frequent break ups and arguments lead to attempts of suicide, teenage pregnancy, STD’s, teen violence, and substance abuse. This happens due to lack of experience and a broader understanding of what relationships are (Da sgupta, 2011). The problems of teen dating involving violence, sex, drug and alcohol abuse, and suicide are primarily caused by stressful life events, peer influence, and failure of parents to take their childrenRead MoreEssay On Mental Health1545 Words   |  7 Pageswho have experienced domestic violence and gotten out of the situation have a high chance of obtaining depression, anxiety, and PTSD. An individual can see that this is true because after dealing with so many traumatic experiences one after another, beating after beating. A woman is not going to be okay there is therapy that is going to be needed and steps needed to be taking one day at a time to get over what has been done. Women at highest risk for domestic violence are demographically similar toRead MoreThe Effects Of Intimate Partner Violence On Women1421 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction In this literature review, issues associated with IPV are discussed. It is important to note that intimate partner violence causes physical, mental, and sexual consequences for female victims of abusive relationships. Women involved in IPV report poor health–related quality of life. Their personalities and associated behaviors change as they psychologically adjust and situationally adapt to an abusive environment. Unfortunately, women in abuse relationships attempt to adaptively cope

Sexism And Its Effects On The Media - 1612 Words

Sexism in the Media Throughout her career, Beyoncà © has been no stranger to controversy. From covertly sexual lyrics to blatantly sexual music videos, she always seems to make headlines; perhaps none bigger than those surrounding the recent release of the music video for her song â€Å"Formation.† The themes presented in â€Å"Formation† were similar to those displayed in another music video, â€Å"Alright† by Kendrick Lamar. Despite the similarities, the videos were received differently by their audiences. â€Å"Alright† received widely positive reviews from media outlets such as MTV and The Verge while â€Å"Formation† was perceived more negatively . The outrage surrounding Beyoncà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s â€Å"Formation† video, and lack thereof for â€Å"Alright† by Kendrick Lamar, exhibits the prevalence of sexism in the media today. The similarities between â€Å"Formation† and â€Å"Alright† reach far beyond just their imagery and popularity; they are both a call to action targeted towards black people in America. Though both videos inspire and communicate to black people as a whole, â€Å"Alright† and â€Å"Formation† are more specifically speaking to black men and black women respectively. This becomes evident when analyzing the videos and their accompanying lyrics individually. Beyoncà © rallies black women to â€Å"get in formation† while also glorifying many aspects of black culture itself. With lyrics such as â€Å"I got hot sauce in my bag, swag,† â€Å"I like my negro nose with Jackson 5 nostrils,† and â€Å"I like my baby hair with baby hair and afros,†Show MoreRelatedSexism And Its Effects On The Media3229 Words   |  13 PagesSexism in the media has been an issue for decades in this country. We grow up learning that women are objects, while m en are subjects. This comes through in a number of media outlets including television, movies, advertisements, video games and music. From the way women are treated in movies to what women video game characters wear compared to the men, sexism is all around us. Sexism is defined as â€Å"prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination, typically against women, on the basis of sex.† One of theRead MoreObjectification Of Women And Women1462 Words   |  6 Pagesworks with benevolent sexism to further oppress women in the media through its effects on self-esteem and well-being. Rollero’s (2013) article â€Å"Men and women facing objectification: The effects of media models on well-being, self-esteem and ambivalent sexism† examines media representations of men and women and how they are related to levels of sexism and psychological well-being. The literature on objectification has mostly indicated the connection between viewing objectified media representations andRead MoreThe Little Mermaid : A Sociological Idea Essay947 Words   |  4 Pagesgender norms over time. Women, for centuries, are few as the homemakers and often viewed as intelligent. Despite living in the twentieth century with greater equality, one does not need to go far to see how society and media influence our perception of gender. Advertisements in various media persuade its audience to buying their products. However, the means of attracting and persuading the audience can have underlying messages. Even in entertainment for young girls these underlying messages are prevalentRead MoreEssay about Sexism in American Culture 1224 Words   |  5 Pagessports car by complaining about what females in their lives require. Though women slowly gain economic power, the media never represents them as leaders thus reflecting American culture’s view of women. Sexism prevails in American culture and workforce, teaching sexism while denying its presence. Americans must shift their cult ure to impede sexism because it oppresses women. Media, one of the most influential reflections of culture, under represents women and displays them in stereotypical positionsRead MoreThe Effects Of Music On Our Country Today1661 Words   |  7 Pagesability to be a very pervasive form of media. There is an indisputable truth that media has the ability to effect the masses. But, the effect of music and the message it is sends to its listeners is not always a positive one. I am aiming to describe how sexism in music is an epidemic in our country today. I’ll also be comparing and contrasting different music genres, to see if certain types of music are better or worse than others. A common phrase in media and advertising is â€Å"Sex Sells†, but atRead MoreDiscrimination And Discrimination1032 Words   |  5 PagesDiscrimination is bad treatment or judgement of a certain group of people, similar to prejudice. It affects the teens and young adults of the world, especially those still in school. Homophobia, racism, an d sexism are three of the most common types of discrimination. Discrimination like homophobia, racism, and sexism negatively affects many young adults. A notable type of discrimination is homophobia. It negatively affects every LGBT+ person, whether directly or simply installing the fear of what someone mightRead MoreMovies Control: Sex and Violence1436 Words   |  6 PagesNowadays, the media has a greater influence than ever on what the public believes and accepts. Research shows that the amount and realism of violence and sex in movies has skyrocketed, influencing the views of our generation. However, little to no attention is placed on the effects of movies on our views of racism, sexism, classism, and heteronormativity. Before watching a movie, you can get a general idea of how much sex and violence it will contain, in order to decide if it is appropriate for youRead MoreThe Positive and Negative Aspects of Video Games in Society968 Words   |  4 Pages The American myth is that Americans mostly view video games as a way to pass time, but they never see pass it to notice the influence and impacts it have in society. America ns believe this myth because our culture focuses more on what the public media broadcasts. There are cases where positive and negative aspects of video games were shown, but in reality, most Americans does not notice its significance in our lives. Most Americans feel that video games are just a source of entertainment; howeverRead MoreSexism, Prejudice, And Discrimination On The Basis Of Sex1610 Words   |  7 PagesSexism is the prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination on the basis of sex. Sexism is regarded mostly towards women. Sexism affects everyone but not effecting everyone evenly. For women, they suffer from sexism socially, educational, political, religious, social, etc. The idea of sexism is that the men have more power than the women. Women get judged differently than men do. Women get judged in the workplace which limits them to certain jobs. The stereotypes that women are under are unbelievableRead MoreNegative Effects Of Sexism In Advertising898 Words   |  4 Pag esLarge corporations will do what it takes to sell their products. Sex sells and has for a long time there for businesses exploit this while negative stereo types are associated with women. This may not seem like an issue for some however the sexism people see in advertisements find their way into the status quo. Young children even educated adults absorb the information they see in advertisements and deem what they represent appropriate and then reproduce it essentially dehumanizing women. Vintage

Discrimination At The Modern Civil Rights Era Essay

In the United States, companies of all shapes and sizes must adhere to nondiscrimination policies and practices that prohibits against any and all various types of conduct based on certain characteristics when it comes to the hire, fire, and relationship with their employees (Canas Sondak, 2014). As a member of the workforce, we would hope and assume that we wouldn’t have to deal with discrimination anymore. Don’t get me wrong, our country has grown so much over the years when it comes to tackling discrimination in the workplace. It’s just unfortunate that it’s just not natural for organizations and companies to naturally be ethical and moral when it comes to their treatment of their potential applicants or current employees. There are still cases of discrimination currently in our society. It may not be as severe compared to before the modern civil rights era, but discrimination still does exist. With all due respect, an adequate amount of the laws are s imple and are able to be understood easily but at the same time, there are other parts of discrimination and harassment laws that can be more difficult for one to understand and are more open to one’s interpretation (Canas Sondak, 2014). One example of a recent discrimination case is of Calibuso et al V. Bank of America Corp. et al. Nature and Brief of the Case This particular case began in 2010 when a group of female financial advisors, which was led by Judy Calibuso, who filed a complaint of alleged systemicShow MoreRelatedRacial Stereotype in the Movie The Green Mile1279 Words   |  6 PagesRacial stereotypes have always invaded films, from the earliest silent film, to the most modern film production. Stereotypes in early America had significant influence over how other viewed African Americans, Latinos, Asians etc. The most stereotyped race in history is the black male. In most early films, they were portrayed as simple minded and careless individuals, but when African Americans started to stand up for themselves films portrayed them as more savage and bloodthirsty. In the 1999 filmRead MoreJonathan Bain. Mr. Davis. U.S History . Apr. 30, 2017.922 Words   |  4 PagesJonathan Bain Mr. Davis U.S History Apr. 30, 2017 Writing Assignment 2: Women’s right movement In this assignment I will evaluate and consider the arguments of the women’s right movement in the 1960’s and 1970’s by critically analyzing the differences and similarities between the liberal and radical feminists, the Equal Rights Act, similarities and differences between those who supported and opposed the Equal Rights Act, working class women who opposed and also surged the feminist movement, differentRead MoreOn The Parchment Of Bias928 Words   |  4 Pagespolitical allegiance long before the dawn of modern era. However, the quest for equality has always been undermined by the male dominance throughout the history. Even in the most developed countries like the United States of America, women were not entitled to the same rights and privileges as men. â€Å"In Minor v. Happersett, 88 U.S. 162 (1875), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that the Constitution did not grant women the right to vote. The Supreme Court upheld state cou rtRead MoreThe Adventures Of Mr. Obadiah Oldbuck Essay1201 Words   |  5 PagesDating back to 1841, modern comics have had a long history. Since The Adventures of Mr. Obadiah Oldbuck, which is generally accepted as the first American comic, comics as a genre of literature has changed both technologically and in perception (Greenberger). Throughout American history, comics have served as both an influence and a reflection of the time period. As America grew, changed, and experienced major historical events, society and the ideas within changed along with it. Many comic historiansRead MoreThe Current Japanese Justice System1045 Words   |  5 PagesWar II â€Å"Modern† Japan is predominantly known as the Meiji Era in 1868. Before this era, Tokugawa governments (between 1503 and 1868) adopted Confucianism and were mostly based on dogmas of social hierarchy and harmony. (Henderson, 1965). These dogmas forced potential accusers in a court to withhold litigation against wrongdoers and preserve societal harmony. This system viewed advents of litigation as a disruption of societal harmony, therefore this was strongly discouraged. The Tokugawa era did notRead MoreThe Battle Of The Confederate Flag1208 Words   |  5 Pagesin the South. A large section of the American population agrees the flag is a symbol of racism since it was established in honor of white civil war soldier who wanted to preserve slavery in the region. Interestingly, the flag has remained a monumental symbol in the states and is still erected in the front of South Carolina’s state house. For years after the civil war, the Confederate flag was a symbol of pri de in the region but later became a white supremacists emblem of racists and criminal gangsRead MoreThe Future of Races in America666 Words   |  3 PagesWhen watching a TED talk you automatically know your going to leave with some new profound thought or have your ways of thinking changed slightly. The primes behind TED talks is â€Å"Ideas worth spreading† right there in their mission statement is what persuasive speech is. In Ms. Alexander’s TED talk she did just that, she spread the idea to her audience of what the future of race in America will look like if we don’t seek to change the social, economical, and political policies that almost certainlyRead MoreWomens Liberation Movement Essay1219 Words   |  5 Pagestheir roles as the happy little homemakers. Their story is the story of the Womens Liberation Movement. The struggle for womens rights did not begin in the 1960s. What has come to be called Womens Lib was, in fact, the second wave of a civil rights movement that began in the early 19th century. This first wave revolved around gaining suffrage (the right to vote). Earlier womens movements to improve the lives of prostitutes, increase wages and employment opportunities for working womenRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of 1964880 Words   |  4 PagesWith a booming economy and population, the United States went through an era of prosperity during the 1950s. However, it was also a time of conflict for several minority groups, including African Americans, women in the workforce, and LGBTQ people. While there have been significant steps towards equality through the passing of laws and court case hearings, challenges remain. Violence, unequal pay, and the struggle of finding balance between conflicting viewpoints are still being faced by AmericansRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement1286 Wo rds   |  6 PagesThe Civil Rights movement is one of the most important acts to change the way not only African Americans were able to live their lives but all races and colors. It would slowly break down the social, economic, political, and racial barriers that were created by the The Age of Discovery and Transatlantic Slave trade. I believe without the Civil Rights acts our country would result to be no better than what it was when the Emancipation Proclamation just took effect. In the 1950s and long before, Southern

Introduction to Systems Analysis Scientific and Statistical Database

Question: Discuss about the Introduction to Systems Analysis for Scientific and Statistical Database. Answer: 1. Identification of main business process of Cohens news agency booking system The Cohens news agency booking system is a newspaper and magazine delivery system they are responsible for delivering newspaper in Chadford. In this agency four delivery, persons are deliver newspaper in 800 houses in north, south, east and west region. Now the researcher identify their main business processes after analysis the agency background. These main processes are given underneath. Newspaper Ordering system Invoices Delivery process Customer Subscriptions Customer Cancelation request Request for changing newspaper 2. Context diagram for the Cohens news agency booking system Figure 1: Context Level Diagram for Cohens news agency booking system (Source: Created by author) 3. Data flow diagram (DFD) level 0 for the Cohens news agency booking system Figure 2: Level 0 DFD Diagram for Cohens news agency booking system (Source: Created by author) 4. Data flow diagram (DFD) level 1 for the Cohens news agency booking system Figure 3: Level 1 DFD Diagram for Cohens news agency booking system (Source: Created by author) 5. User interface Figure 4: User Interface (Source:Created By author) Bibliographies Ailamaki, A. and Bowers, S., 2012. Scientific and Statistical Database Management. Berlin: Springer. Caplinskas, A., 2013. Databases and Information Systems VII. Amsterdam: IOS Press. Cheng, G. and Li, M., 2014. The Application of Database Technology in Network Management System. AMM, 644-650, pp.2850-2853. Dua, S., 2012. Information systems, technology and management. Berlin: Springer. Fouad, H., 2014. Web-Based Database Management to Support Telemedicine System. International Journal of Advanced Information Technology, 4(1), pp.1-10. Gao, H., 2012. Web-age information management. Berlin: Springer. Gillenson, M., 2012. Fundamentals of database management systems. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Hardy, E., 2012. How to Land a Top-Paying Database management system specialist Job. Dayboro: Emereo Publishing. Hong-mei, S. and Rui-sheng, J., 2012. Research on the Analysis and Design of General Test Database Management System. Procedia Engineering, 29, pp.489-493. Oh, J., Moon, N. and Hong, S., 2015. Trajectory based database management for intelligent surveillance system with heterogeneous sensors. Multimed Tools Appl. Oswal, M., Nanda, M. and Kaur, N., 2015. Developing an Efficient Desktop Application of Hospital Care Management System using Java and Database Management. IJBSBT, 7(4), pp.57-66. Oswal, M., Nanda, M. and Kaur, N., 2015. Developing an Efficient Desktop Application of Hospital Care Management System using Java and Database Management. IJBSBT, 7(4), pp.57-66. Sudharsan, D., 2012. Dynamic Real Time Distributed Sensor Network Based Database Management System Using XML, JAVA and PHP Technologies. IJDMS, 4(1), pp.9-20. Sudharsan, D., 2012. Dynamic Real Time Distributed Sensor Network Based Database Management System Using XML, JAVA and PHP Technologies. IJDMS, 4(1), pp.9-20. Sui, X., Teng, Y., Chen, Y. and Wang, X., 2014. Design of Tool Automatic Identification and Database Management System Based on RFID. IJDTA, 7(5), pp.133-144. Xie, L., 2015. Application Research on Information System of Multimedia Catering Management Based on Relational Database. TOCSJ, 9(1), pp.2811-2819. Zhou, H., 2012. Design of Student Information Management Database Application System for Office and Departmental Target Responsibility System. Physics Procedia, 25, pp.1660-1665.

Self-esteem an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

Self-esteem Personality trait has long been the subject of many research studies. But perhaps, the most discussed personality trait that has generated a considerable amount of theoretical and empirical research is the topic of self-esteem. This paper seeks to further examine the nature of self-esteem through new conceptualizations of its properties and dimensions, and to explore how these new ideas in self-esteem research impact on a specific area of psychological well-being an inpiduals vulnerability to depression. Need essay sample on "Self-esteem" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed First, self-esteems definition is examined. According to Rosenberg (1965), self-esteem is the evaluation which the inpidual makes and customarily maintains with regard to himself; it expresses an attitude of approval or disapproval (p. 5). Most researchers who investigate self-esteem utilize this definition as a starting point for their own definition of self-esteem. Coopersmith (1967) states that self-esteem is the component of the self-concept that refers to .ones feelings of self-worth. Holland and Andre (1994) explains that self-esteem is how an inpidual perceive the value or sense of worth about their selves. As it is, self-esteem can be best defined as an inpiduals feelings of self-worth or self-regard. While it is necessary to define self-esteem, it is equally important to acknowledge the motivational aspect of self-esteem (especially this investigation deals with depression). Gecas (1991) maintains that because an inpidual has a self-concept, he will be motivated to maintain and enhance it, to conceive of it as efficacious and consequential, and to experience it as meaningful and real (p. 174). Gecas further explains that one way a person can do this is through the self-esteem motive. The self-esteem motive refers to a persons desire to view ones self favourably and behave in such a way that will maintain or enhance a favorable view of ones self. In short, self-esteem can be motivational. Motivation is that which gives direction to action and intensity and persistence to the directed action. Taking these two definitions into account, it can be said that a persons level of self-esteem dictates what types of behaviour that particular person may engage in. With this motivational aspect of self-esteem develops a debate that has long been the interest of many researches. There has been a long standing debate on the impact of self-esteem to an inpiduals psychological well-being, especially his vulnerability to depression. According to Whitley (1983), self-esteem is related to psychological well-being both empirically and theoretically; that is, high self-esteem is seen by clinicians to be a healthy and desirably characteristic and that many literatures has examined the connection of self-esteem to depression, anxiety, poor general adjustment, and self-referral to mental health professionals. One position in this debate sees self-esteem as a powerful influence on inpidual health and stability. Research in depression provides an example of evidence for a hypothesized protective factor of high self-esteem against the development of symptomatology. Although Becks (1967) theory of depression does not seem to be as emphatic on the idea that high self-esteem is a protective factor; it does suggest that low self-esteem results in a type of vulnerability to depressive symptoms. Beck also records the common finding people suffering from depression commonly express negative feelings about themselves, specifically feelings of worthlessness. A negative evaluation of the self forms one leg of Becks primary cognitive triad of depressive symptoms where the depressed inpidual not only sees himself as inferior, but he dislikes himself for it (p. 259). A connection between level of self-esteem and coexisting depressive symptoms has been recorded across many studies. Many researchers in psychology have adopted this position. Feathers (1985) study of the relations among gender roles, self-esteem, and depressions suggested that self-esteem may be as much as construction of Western, inpidualized culture as are masculinity and femininity. Feather found the widely reported negative correlation between masculinity and depression disappeared when the effects of self-esteem were controlled. This suggested that masculinity and self-esteem might reflect the same construct. Thus, according to Feather, ...self-esteem may reflect in part the dominant masculine values of Western-type cultures (p. 491). Thus, traits researchers attributed to self-esteem were in fact the same traits that researchers attributed to masculinity. Thus one who is masculine, goal- or action-oriented is reinforced for reflecting dominant cultural goals and by virtue of those traits is said to have high self-esteem. It is, however, still unclear as to what is assigned the protective factor against depression high self-esteem or adoption of male-oriented socially supported roles. In 1993, Andrews and Brown compared Rosenbergs (1965) SES to their interview measure. They called their measure the Self Evaluaton and Social Support scale (SESS). The SESS was designed to measure positive and negative self-evaluation using scales measuring personal attributes, role performance, and self-acceptance across occupational, domestic and interpersonal contexts. Andrews and Brown reported that the interview measure was more successful at predicting subsequent depression due to its focus on specific dimensions of self-dissatisfaction for each inpidual. Each interview was conducted by a researcher who gathered facts and coded emotional tone, salience, and frequency of positive and negative comments. This meant the interviewer was responsible for judging the relevance of information and emotional context for inclusion into the data set, comparing them with anchors, and then making ratings of self-esteem for the inpidual. This is clearly a more fluid, state-based approach to self-esteem. Andrews and Brown contrast this approach to the trait-based self-report questionnaires, which they hypothesize are handicapped by their demands on reliability and comparability of item responses across inpiduals. They argue that this focus of the trait-based measures is not sensitive to specific abilities or domain that have salience to the inpidual subject. However, since previous research demonstrates that the prediction of depressive symptoms from level of self-esteem is inconsistent, many researchers have begun looking at a different aspect of self-esteem for a better definition of its relationship with vulnerability to depressive symptoms. This they called the lability of self-esteem. Self-esteem lability is the tendency of an inpiduals self-esteem to fluctuate over time in response to environmental or social influences (Butler, Hokanson & Flynn, 1994). Butler et al. (1994) found that self-esteem lability is a better index of vulnerability to depression than trait or level-bases self-esteem (whether self-esteem is high or low). This research suggested that self-esteem lability interacts with daily events to produce depressive symptoms wherein an inpidual with labile self-esteem had a higher reactivity to life stressors than an inpidual with a more stable sense of self-esteem. Whisman and Kwon (1993) examined the role of self-esteem and hopelessness to life stress and dysphoria. They assessed eighty undergraduates on self-esteem, hopelessness, and dysphoria and reassessed them after three months on life events, daily hassles, hopelessness, and dysphoria (Whisman and Kwon, 1993). They found a significant association between residual change in dysphoria and self-esteem, life stress and an extreme interaction of both. Furthermore, they found that residual change in hopelessness mediated the relations between residual change in dysphoria and both self-esteem and life stress (Whisman and Kwon, 1993, abstract). These studies provide a reasonably solid basis upon which to advance the idea that self-esteem lability has a strong connection with vulnerability to depression. The models generally proposed using self-esteem lability follow a diathesis-stress structure in which an inpidual carries some kind of vulnerability to depressive symptoms that, while predisposing him to a depressive illness, will not develop into depression unless triggered by the correct environmental stressors. The vulnerability to illness is not enough to trigger expression of symptoms. Vulnerability and stressor must both be present at sufficient levels and interact to produce depressive symptoms. The existing research literature is generally supportive of the role of social self-esteem in prediction of depressive symptoms. Many models of depressive vulnerability use the concept of reliance upon external sources for self-esteem or social comparison as a diathesis for future illness. However, there are substantive differences for the relation of personal relevance of this concept. For inpiduals endorsing low levels of social esteem relevance, depressive symptoms were predicted by adverse events and an interaction of social self-esteem and self-esteem lability. Further analysis of the relation between the variables in this interaction term revealed a negative relationship between these variables. This would suggest that for inpiduals endorsing low relevance of social self-esteem, high levels of lability may have a predictive relationship with depressive symptoms when those inpiduals experience low levels of self-esteem derived from social sources. For inpiduals endorsing high relevance of social esteem, depressive symptoms were predicted through an interaction of social self-esteem level and adverse events. While exploratory at this time, these findings would seem to leave little doubt that social self-esteem and its centrality to the inpidual have important effects in a model of vulnerability to depressive symptoms. References Andrews, B., & Brown, G. W. (1993). Self-esteem and vulnerability to depression: The concurrent validity of interview and questionnaire measures. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, 565-572. B.E. Whitley, J. (1983). Sex role orientation and self-esteem: A critical meta-analytic review. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44(765-778). Beck, A. (1967). Depression: Clinical, experimental, and theoretical aspects. London: Staples. Butler, A. C., Hokanson, J. E., & Flynn, H. A. (1994). A comparison of self-esteem lability and low trait self-esteem as vulnerability factors for depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 166-177. Coopersmith, S. (1967). The antecedents of self-esteem. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman and Company. Feather, N. T. (1985). Masculinity, femininity, self-esteem, and subclinical depression. Sex Roles, 12, 491-500. Gecas, V. (1991). The self-concept as a basis for a theory of motivation. In J. A. Howard & P. L. Callero (Eds.), The self-society dynamic: Cognition, emotion, and action (pp. 171-187). New York: Cambridge University Press. Holland, A., & Andre, T. (1994). The relationship of self-esteem to selected personal and environmental resources of adolescents. 29(114), 345-360. Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Whisman, M. A., & Kwon, P. (1993). Life stress and dysphoria: The role of self-esteem and hopelessness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(5), 1054-1060.

Choosing a Career Essays

Choosing a Career Essays Choosing a Career Essay Choosing a Career Essay Choosing a career It is very important for us to make the right choice of profession and the most difficult thing is to plan one’s own future. But a person may suppose what he of she would like to do in the near future. It’s always very interesting to begin something new and if the beginning is good, the end may also be good. If we think of such a problem as â€Å"choosing a profession† or â€Å"place of work†, we must know everything about this or that profession or company. In most parts of the world when you apply for a job it’s common to submit a typed or laser printed biography. This contains all the unchanging information about you: your education, background and work experience. This usually accompanies a letter of application and supplementary information sheet containing information relevant to this particular job may also be required. Many companies expect all your personal information to be entered on a standard application form. There are different kinds of interviews: traditional one-to-one interviews, panel int. Where candidates are interviewed by a panel of enterviewers and even â€Å"deep-end int. † where applicants have to demonstrate how they can cope with actual business situations. The atmosphere of an int. may vary from the informal to the formal and interviewers may take a friendly, neutral or even hostile approach. The only rules that applicants should be aware of may be â€Å"expect the unexpected† and â€Å"be yourself†. Progress interviews are int. where employees have a chance to review the work they are doing and to set objectives for the future. The salary that goes with a job may be only part of the package of extra benefits such as company car, bonuses paid in a â€Å"thirteenth month†, company pension schemes, free canteen meals, long holidays or flexible working hours. Choosing a career (job) First things first First of all, make sure you know enough about the organization, the job, and the details of each offer to weigh one offer against another. If you lack information, seek it out by asking the employer, researching the organization, and talking to others who work at or are familiar with the organization or job. Ask your career services staff if they have had feedback from past students who have taken jobs with the organizations you are considering, and check to see if your career office has an alumni dviser to help you make contact with alumni working for these organizations. One of the best ways to begin is by making a list of all of the features that are important to you in your first job. These may include such items as the type of work you’ll be doing, the organization’s reputation/prestige, training program, salary, benefits, location of job, opportunity for advancement, work environment, opportunity for free time (evenings a nd weekends), opportunity for travel, colleagues with whom you’ll be working, and so forth. What matters most? After you have all the features on your list, rank them in order of their priority to you. For example, type of work may be most important to you, followed by salary, and then benefits. In the final analysis, remember to weigh carefully what is most important to you. While it is helpful to get advice from family and friends, you are the one who will be going to work every day.

Energy as a Parameter in Politcs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Energy as a Parameter in Politcs - Essay Example It is true that Asia is the new ground zero for growth of energy consumption.it is also true that Asia will be responsible for 85% of the energy consumption growth on the planet in the next 20 years. This has seen Russia try to form ties with the east to establish a proper market for its hydrocarbon exports . The obvious deduction from this would be that Russia would wield more geopolitical power in the next few decades, which is not likely to be the case . The current technological advancements have enabled rapid expansion of the shale gas industry in the US. In a decade, the industry has grown dramatically with the product now in abundant supply,seeing drastic reduction in prices. The policy debate has snow shifted to how much of the nation’s energy resource should be exported.The strengthening of the US’ geopolitical strength due to the shift in paradigms of the global energy market has greatly hindered China’s attempt to be the global leader. The best way to counter this influence would be to weaken the alliances that the US has with states in the region. The result has been the heightening of maritime tensions in the region with the East China Sea conflict providing a good illustration . Both China and japan lay claim to a number of geographical features found in the sea. The features that comprise of a few islands and territorial waters could provide energy reserves and fishing grounds . However, this is not the only reason behind the conflict.

Supply chain inventory, people, technology and risk Assignment

Supply chain inventory, people, technology and risk - Assignment Example People involved if not well trained and equipped can be a major source of risks. In the recent years, companies have been introducing advanced technology that is relatively more reliable and accurate. Perhaps one of the main challenges facing most companies in their operations is obsolescence and fraud. Over the past years, cases of fraud have highly been reported in the UK. The government has established specialized bodies to fight fraud. Serious Fraud Office is one of the bodies together with National Fraud Authority are but examples of such bodies. The technology industry has greatly been affected in the UK with Obsolescence over the last decade. This is highly associated with the quick advance in technological advancement. In order to be prepared against these two obstacles, companies have to develop well planned strategies. In these strategies, three factors are inevitable; inventory, people and technology. This report analyses how O2, the second largest telecommunication company in UK. The report tries to put into perspective the challenges and strategies used by the company in its operations in an effort to have an effective supply of its products and also fight fraud. This has jointly been attained through training of its employees and use of cloud based inventory system. O2 is the second leading telecommunication company in the UK. The company offers a wide range of services and products from mobile phones, SIM cards, internet bundles, and also financial services like the O2 Money which allows people to send money, receive money, pay bills among other transactions. The diversification of its products and services has seen the company expand its market and customer base over the past years. The high number of customers comes with its challenges. Among the challenges is how to handle demand and supply. This is mainly depended on their management on the inventory. The supply chain has to be well

China Economy Essay Example for Free

China Economy Essay The rapid rise of China as a major economic power within a time span of about three decades is often described by analysts as one of the greatest economic success stories in modern times. From 1979 (when economic reforms began) to 2011, China’s real gross domestic product (GDP) grew at an average annual rate of nearly 10%. From 1980 to 2011, real GDP grew 19-fold in real terms, real per capita GDP increased 14-fold, and an estimated 500 million people were raised out of extreme poverty. China is now the world’s second-largest economy and some analysts predict it could become the largest within a few years. Yet, on a per capita basis, China remains a relatively poor country. China’s economic rise has led to a substantial increase in U. S. -China economic ties. According to U. S. trade data, total trade between the two countries surged from $5 billion in 1980 to $503 billion in 2011. China is currently the United States’ second-largest trading partner, its third largest export market, and its largest source of imports. Many U. S. ompanies have extensive operations in China in order to sell their products in the booming Chinese market and to take advantage of lower-cost labor for export-oriented manufacturing. These operations have helped some U. S. firms to remain internationally competitive and have supplied U. S. consumers with a variety of low-cost goods. China’s large-scale purchases of U. S. Treasury securities (which totaled nearly $1. 2 trillion at the end of 2011) have enabled the federal government to fund its budget deficits, which help keep U. S. interest rates relatively low. However, the emergence of China as a major economic superpower has raised concern among many U. S. policymakers. Some claim that China uses unfair trade practices (such as an undervalued currency and subsidies given to domestic producers) to flood U. S. markets with low cost goods, and that such practices threaten American jobs, wages, and living standards. Others contend that China’s growing use of industrial policies to promote and protect certain domestic Chinese industries firms favored by the government, and its failure to take effective action against widespread infringement of U.  S. intellectual property rights (IPR) in China, threaten to undermine the competitiveness of U. S. IP-intensive industries. In addition, while China has become a large and growing market for U. S. exports, critics contend that numerous trade and investment barriers limit opportunities for U. S. firms to sell in China, or force them to set up production facilities in China as the price of doing business there. Other concerns relating to China’s economic growth include its growing demand for energy and raw materials and its emergence as the world’s largest emitter of greenhouse gasses. The Chinese government views a growing economy as vital to maintaining social stability. However, China faces a number of major economic challenges which could undermine future growth, including distortive economic policies that have resulted in over-reliance on fixed investment and exports for economic growth (rather than on consumer demand), government support for state-owned firms, a weak banking system, widening income gaps, growing pollution, and the relative lack of the rule of law in China. Many economists warn that such problems could undermine China’s future economic growth. The Chinese government has acknowledged these problems and has pledged to address them by implementing policies to boost consumer spending, expand social safety net coverage, and encourage the development of less-polluting industries. China’s Economy Prior to Reforms Prior to 1979, China, under the leadership of Chairman Mao Zedong, maintained a centrally planned, or command, economy. A large share of the country’s economic output was directed and controlled by the state, which set production goals, controlled prices, and allocated resources throughout most of the economy. During the 1950s, all of China’s individual household farms were collectivized into large communes. To support rapid industrialization, the central government undertook large-scale investments in physical and human capital during the 1960s and 1970s. As a result, by 1978 nearly three-fourths of industrial production was produced by centrally controlled, state-owned enterprises (SOEs), according to centrally planned output targets. Private enterprises and foreign-invested firms were generally barred. A central goal of the Chinese government was to make China’s economy relatively self-sufficient. Foreign trade was generally limited to obtaining only those goods that could not be made or obtained in China. Government policies kept the Chinese economy relatively stagnant and inefficient, mainly because most aspects of the economy were managed and run by the central government (and thus there were few profit incentives for firms, workers, and farmers), competition was virtually nonexistent, foreign trade and investment flows were mainly limited to Soviet bloc countries, and price and production controls caused widespread distortions in the economy. Chinese living standards were substantially lower than those of many other developing countries. The Chinese government in 1978 (shortly after the death of Chairman Mao in 1976) decided to break with its Soviet-style economic policies by gradually reforming the economy according to free market principles and opening up trade and investment with the West, in the hope that this would significantly increase economic growth and raise living standards. As Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping, the architect of China’s economic reforms, put it: â€Å"Black cat, white cat, what does it matter what color the cat is as long as it catches mice? The Introduction of Economic Reforms Beginning in 1979, China launched several economic reforms. The central government initiated price and ownership incentives for farmers, which enabled them to sell a portion of their crops on the free market. In addition, the government established four special economic zones along the coast for the purpose of attract ing foreign investment, boosting exports, and importing high technology products into China. Additional reforms, which followed in stages, sought to decentralize economic policymaking in several sectors, especially trade. Economic control of various enterprises was given to provincial and local governments, which were generally allowed to operate and compete on free market principles, rather than under the direction and guidance of state planning. In addition, citizens were encouraged to start their own businesses. Additional coastal regions and cities were designated as open cities and development zones, which allowed them to experiment with free market reforms and to offer tax and trade incentives to attract foreign investment. In addition, state price controls on a wide range of products were gradually eliminated. Trade liberalization was also a major key to China’s economic success. Removing trade barriers encouraged greater competition and attracted foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows. China’s gradual implementation of economic reforms sought to identify which policies produced favorable economic outcomes (and which did not) so that they could be implemented in other parts of the country, a process Deng Xiaoping reportedly referred to as â€Å"crossing the river by touching the stones. † China’s Economic Growth Since Reforms: 1979-2012 Since the introduction of economic reforms, China’s economy has grown substantially faster than during the pre-reform period (see Table 1). According to the Chinese government, from 1953 to 1978, real annual GDP growth was estimated at 6. 7%, although many analysts claim that Chinese economic data during this period are highly questionable because government officials often exaggerated production levels for a variety of political reasons. Agnus Maddison estimates China’s average annual real GDP during this period at 4. %. China’s economy suffered economic downturns during the leadership of Chairman Mao Zedong, including during the Great Leap Forward from 1958 to 1960 (which led to a massive famine and reportedly the deaths of tens of millions of people) and the Cultural Revolution from 1966 to 1976 (which caused political chaos and greatly disrupted the economy). During the reform period (1979-2011), Chinaâ €™s average annual real GDP grew by 9. 9%. This essentially has meant that, on average China has been able to double the size of its economy in real terms every eight years. The global economic slowdown, which began in 2008, impacted the Chinese economy (especially the export sector). China’s real GDP growth fell from 14. 2% in 2007 to 9. 6% in 2008 to 9. 2% in 2009. In response, the Chinese government implemented a large economic stimulus package and an expansive monetary policy. These measures boosted domestic investment and consumption and helped prevent a sharp economic slowdown in China. In 2010, China’s real GDP grew by 10. 4%, and in 2011 it rose by 9. 2%. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) projects that China’s real GDP will grow by 7. 8% in 2012. From 2013 to 2017, the IMP projects that China’s real GDP growth will average 8. 5%. Table 1- China’s average annual real GDP growth. Causes of China’s Economic Growth Economists generally attribute much of China’s rapid economic growth to two main factors: large-scale capital investment (financed by large domestic savings and foreign investment) and rapid productivity growth. These two factors appear to have gone together hand in hand. Economic reforms led to higher efficiency in the economy, which boosted output and increased resources for additional investment in the economy. China has historically maintained a high rate of savings. When reforms were initiated in 1979, domestic savings as a percentage of GDP stood at 32%. However, most Chinese savings during this period were generated by the profits of SOEs, which were used by the central government for domestic investment. Economic reforms, which included the decentralization of economic production, led to substantial growth in Chinese household savings as well as corporate savings. As a result, China’s gross savings as a percentage of GDP has steadily risen, reaching 53. 9% in 2010 (compared to a U. S. rate of 9. 3%), and is among the highest savings rates in the world. The large level of savings has enabled China to boost domestic investment. In fact, its gross domestic savings levels far exceed its domestic investment levels, meaning that China is a large net global lender. Several economists have concluded that productivity gains (i. e. , increases in efficiency) have been another major factor in China’s rapid economic growth. The improvements to productivity were caused largely by a reallocation of resources to more productive uses, especially in sectors that were formerly heavily controlled by the central government, such as agriculture, trade, and services. For example, agricultural reforms boosted production, freeing workers to pursue employment in the more productive manufacturing sector. China’s decentralization of the economy led to the rise of non-state enterprises (such as private firms), which tended to pursue more productive activities than the centrally controlled SOEs and were more market-oriented, and hence, more efficient. Additionally, a greater share of the economy (mainly the export sector) was exposed to competitive forces. Local and provincial governments were allowed to establish and operate various enterprises on market principles, without interference from the central government. In addition, FDI in China brought with it new technology and processes that boosted efficiency. As indicated in Figure 2, China has achieved high rates of total factor productivity (TFP) growth relative to the United States. TFP represents an estimate of the part of economic output growth not accounted for by the growth in inputs (such as labor and capital), and is often attributed to the effects of technological change and efficiency gains. China experiences faster TFP growth than most developed countries such as the United States because of its ability to access and utilize existing foreign technology and know-how. High TFP growth rates have been a major factor behind China’s rapid economic growth rate. However, as China’s technological development begins to approach that of major developed countries, its level of productivity gains, and thus, real GDP growth, could slow significantly from its historic 10% average, unless China becomes a major center for new technology and innovation and/or implements new comprehensive economic reforms. As indicated in Figure 3, the EIU currently projects that China’s real GDP growth will slow considerably in the years ahead, averaging 7. 0% from 2012 to 2020, and falling to 3. 7% from 2021 to 2030. The Chinese government has indicated its desire to move away from its current economic model of fast growth at any cost to more â€Å"smart† economic growth, which seeks to reduce reliance on energy-intensive and high-polluting industries and rely more on high technology, green energy, and services. China also has indicated it wants to obtain more balanced economic growth. Measuring the Size of China’s Economy The rapid growth of the Chinese economy has led many analysts to speculate if and when China will overtake the United States as the â€Å"world’s largest economic power. † The â€Å"actual† size of China’s economy has been a subject of extensive debate among economists. Measured in U. S. dollars using nominal exchange rates, China’s GDP in 2011 was $7. 2 trillion, less than half the size of the U. S. economy. The per capita GDP (a common measurement of a country’s living standards) of China was $5,460, which was 12% the size of Japan’s level and 11% that of the United States (see Table 2). Many economists contend that using nominal exchange rates to convert Chinese data (or that of other countries) into U. S. dollars fails to reflect the true size of China’s economy and living standards relative to the United States. Nominal exchange rates simply reflect the prices of foreign currencies vis-a-vis the U. S. dollar and such measurements exclude differences in the prices for goods and services across countries. To illustrate, one U. S. dollar exchanged for local currency in China would buy more goods and services there than it would in the United States. This is because prices for goods and services in China are generally lower than they are in the United States. Conversely, prices for goods and services in Japan are generally higher than they are in the United States (and China). Thus, one dollar exchanged for local Japanese currency would buy fewer goods and services there than it would in the United States. Economists attempt to develop estimates of exchange rates based on their actual purchasing power relative to the dollar in order to make more accurate comparisons of economic data across countries, usually referred to as a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis. The PPP exchange rate increases the (estimated) measurement of China’s economy and its per capita GDP. According to the Economist Intelligence Unit, (EIU), which utilizes World Bank data, prices for goods and services in China are 41. 5% the level they are in the United States. Adjusting for this price differential raises the value of China’s 2011 GDP from $7. 2 trillion (nominal dollars) to $11. 4 trillion (on a PPP basis). This would indicate that China’s economy is 76. 0% the size of the U. S. economy. China’s share of global GDP on a PPP basis rose from 3. 7% in 1990 to 14. % in 2011 (the U. S. share of global GDP peaked at 24. 3% in 1999 and declined to 18. 9% in 2011); see Figure 4. Many economic analysts predict that on a PPP basis China will soon overtake the United States as the world’s largest economy. EIU, for example, projects this will occur by 2016, and that by 2030, China’s economy could be 30% larger than that of the United St ates. This would not be the first time in history that China was the world’s largest economy (see text box). The PPP measurement also raises China’s 2011 per capita GDP (from $5,460) to $8,650, which was 17. 9% of the U. S. evel. The EIU projects this level will rise to 34. 3% by 2030. Thus, although China will likely become the world’s largest economy in a few years on a PPP basis, it will likely take many years for its living standards to approach U. S. levels. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in China China’s trade and investment reforms and incentives led to a surge in FDI beginning in the early 1990s. Such flows have been a major source of China’s productivity gains and rapid economic and trade growth. There were reportedly 445,244 foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs) registered in China in 2010, employing 55. million workers or 15. 9% of the urban workforce. As indicated in Figure 5, FIEs account for a significant share of China’s industrial output. That level rose from 2. 3% in 1990 to a high of 35. 9% in 2003, but fell to 27. 1% by 2010. In addition, FIE’s are responsible for a significant level of China’s foreign trade. In 2011, FIEs in China accounted for 52. 4% of China’s exports and 49. 6% of its imports, although this level was down from its peak in 2006 when FIEs’ share of Chinese exports and imports was 58. 2% and 59. 7%, respectively, as indicated in Figure 6. FIEs in China dominate China’s high technology exports. From 2002 to 2010, the share of China’s high tech exports by FIEs rose from 79% to 82%. During the same period, the share of China’s high tech exports by wholly owned foreign firms (which excludes foreign joint ventures with Chinese firms) rose from 55% to 67%. According to the Chinese government, annual FDI inflows into China grew from $2 billion in 1985 to $108 billion in 2008. Due to the effects of the global economic slowdown, FDI flows to China fell by 12. 2% to $90 billion in 2009. They totaled $106 billion in 2010 and $116 billion in 2011 (see Figure 7). Chinese data for January-October 2012 indicate that FDI fell by 3. 5% on a year-on-year basis; FDI into China will likely total around $112. 1 billion for the full year. Hong Kong was reported as the largest source of FDI flows to China in 2011 (63. 9% of total), followed by Taiwan, Japan, Singapore, and the United States. The cumulative level (or stock) of FDI in China at the end of 2011 is estimated at $1. 2 trillion, making it one of the world’s largest destinations of FDI. According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, China was the world’s second-largest destination for FDI flows in 2011, after the United States (see Figure 8). The largest sources of cumulative FDI in China for 1979-2011 were Hong Kong (43. 5% of total), the British Virgin Islands, Japan, the United States, and Taiwan (see Table 3). According to Chinese data, annual U. S. FDI flows to China peaked at $5. 4 billion in 2002 (10. 2% of total FDI in China). In 2011, they were $3. 0 billion or 2. 6% of total FDI (see Figure 9). From January to October 2012, U. S. FDI in China rose by 3. 8% (year-on-year).

A Comparison of the Portrayal of Boo Radley in To Kill a Mockingbird :: English Literature

A Comparison of the portrayal of Boo Radley in To Kill a Mockingbird and Miss Havisham in great expectations. In 'To Kill a Mockingbird' the author uses a retrospective narration, this means that we can see events through the eyes of a child, yet also has the intelligence of an adult to explain the events thouroghly. Because narrator has personal experience of what happened we have a closer insight into the details. This method of reflection means that we can understand other characters feelings more easily, and the settings and ways of Maycomb. 'Great Expectations' is similar to ' To Kill a Mockingbird' it also has shows the events of a person from childhood to becoming an adult. The story follows Pip, who is the main character in this novel; it shows him as a child, being introduced to Miss Havisham, then later on as a main person in Miss Havisham's life. Pip and Scout help us to understand the feelings of other characters.. 'To Kill a Mockingbird' is set in the 1930s, in a town called Maycomb. It is a small town with a close-knit community, it has a deserted feel to it, however it is very tense, with a lot of families and rumours and gossip. Maycomb is also a claustrophobic place to be, with the identical houses, the grass on the sidewalks (unkempt), and also it is very dusty, hot and humid. The neighbours are known to be very suspicious and judgemental. It is a reserved community and it can get very dull. In 'Great Expectations', in the chapters that we have read, rather then it being concentrated on a town, it is mostly concentrated on Miss Havisham's House. Satis House, which stand for very big and satisfactory. Within this house everything is kept the way it was at the time of the wedding. With cobwebs, and dust on all the furniture. Even the surrounding of the satis house was dying; "there was a large brewery, no brewing was going on in it", this shows that everything around miss Havisham was a symbol of what was within her. It shows that she is dead within. Both Boo Radley and Miss Havisham live in seclusion, this means they prefer to be cut off from the outside world, a quote that show this is' "some of the windows had been walled up" However they both have someone to help them with life, Boo Radley has his brother Nathan, and Miss Havisham has her adopted daughter Estella. Miss Havisham acts this way because of what happened to her earlier in her life; she was left at the altar.

How Do You Get People to Like You Essay

Be polite. Be yourself. That way, people like you for who you are. Many of us mistakenly believe that it’s wrong or conceited, to think we have any good qualities. We may spend a lot of time berating ourselves for our negative qualities, thinking that self criticism is the key to improving our performance. However, a constant focus on our supposed shortcomings can hinder our efforts to make friends with other people. How can we have the confidence to make new friends if we think we don’t have much to offer? How can we believe that others could like us if we believe our inner being is flawed? Or if we think we are too boring to interest anyone else? We may wonder what anyone else would see in us if we don’t see any good in ourselves. In order for others to be attracted to us, they must be able to easily see our best qualities. If we focus on our good qualities we will have much more confidence that we have something of value to offer in a relationship. If you wish to be socially successful, it’s important to accept the fact that not everybody is going to like you under all circumstances. Not everyone is going to like the package you come in, especially on first meeting you. Every person has a unique pattern of likes and dislikes which were formed long before they met you. Don’t think you have to condemn yourself as a failure if it seems that someone else doesn’t like you. If someone seems to dislike you, the reason for that dislike might have little or nothing to do with you. The person who doesn’t like you might be fearful, or shallow, or busy or shy. Perhaps you and that person are simply a mismatch for each other at this particular time. Don’t take yourself out of the game by deciding that your flaws are bigger than your assets. In fact, some of the very qualities you consider to be flaws may be irresistible to someone else. For all the factors that might cause one person to reject you, there are at least as many factors that will work in your favor with someone else. You might be thirty pounds over your ideal weight, but you may have a wonderful laugh and a huge zest for life. There are many people to whom your extra pounds will literally be invisible. You may drive a shabby car, but you might be a great dancer and a loyal friend. There are people out there looking for loyalty, or fun, or sweetness, or wit, and the package it comes in is not important. If you are worried that you are not beautiful enough to attract friends, keep in mind that not everyone is looking for physical beauty in their friends. You can decide to feel inferior because you don’t have much money and you don’t drive a nice car. You can believe that this is the reason that you don’t have many friends in your life. On the other hand, if you are very wealthy you may be suspicious that everyone is after your money and that nobody really likes you as a person. The point is, you can fixate on just about anything and believe it’s the reason you do not have friends and cannot make any. Here is an easy way to remind yourself of what your good qualities are: write down a list of your good qualities and review it often. Don’t just think in your mind about what your good qualities might be, actually make the effort to write the list. The act of writing helps to reinforce the strength of the ideas in your mind. Don’t be embarrassed to give yourself credit for your good points. If you don’t have any idea what your good points might be, you might want to ask some of the people you know. When you compile your list of good qualities, be as generous in your praise as your best friend in the whole wide world would be! If you don’t have any best friends yet, imagine in your mind a wise and loving friend who knows you truly and appreciates you. What would that person say are your good points? Here are some ideas that might be applicable to you. Feel free to adjust this list for yourself and add to it. My good qualities are: †¢I’m kind †¢I never gossip †¢I go out of my way to help others †¢I’m good with numbers †¢I have a calm disposition †¢I know a lot about sports You can keep your list with you and read it over every day. Add to it whenever you think of new good qualities you discover in yourself. Be alert for compliments that other people give you. The positive qualities that others see in you can go on your list as well. When you are out there meeting people, frequently remind yourself of all the wonderful qualities you have. It’s only a matter of time before you meet other people who will appreciate them too! Learn to relax. Instead of berating yourself for some perceived shortcoming, concentrate on the good qualities you have to offer. Realize that there is an audience for your particular combination of gifts, and go looking for those people who will appreciate them.

Gender Roles And Social Construction - 1252 Words

Gender roles have influenced our society our whole lives, without us realizing it. They determine the way in which we, as members of society, behave among others and what is deemed socially acceptable and what is not, all based on our gender. From the moment children take their first breaths, they are exposed to the gender roles society has set. This is all part of a social construction to categorize the two genders into believing that they should act in a particular matter, using toys as an advertising method. If the baby is a female, parents will opt to dress her in pink or purple, classifying the child as â€Å"girly†. However, if the child is male, parents will often opt for blue and green, avoiding pink in order to confirm the masculine gender by society’s standards. Even as kids, a girl will automatically head to the pink side of the toy store, just as a boy would head to the blue section due to their pre-exposed view of society. The social construction predefin es a societies belief, thoughts, and what they consider a norm. As part of a community we take in what is expected of us, and try to attribute one self into that specific norm. So in some ways the dramaturgical theory plays a big part in a person’s daily life. Due to constantly being told how to behave by those around us, we develop a role in life some might call a type of â€Å"theatrical performance† (Conley 2013:139). An individual can get so wrapped up in what society expects from them that they embody thatShow MoreRelatedSocial Construction Of Gender And Gender Roles903 Words   |  4 Pages While observing interactions between people of both different and the same genders in the park at Orange Circle, it becomes evident how the social construction of gender and standard gender roles may or may not follow archetypal manner and can be applied differently depending on the individuals. 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